Thonningianin A ameliorated renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy mice by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis and repressing inflammation

This study was conducted to examine the potential health benefits of thonningianin A (TA) on renal injury and interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy(DN) mice. In this study, a DN mice model was established using male C57BL/6 mice injected with streptozotocin(STZ, 50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and treated with TA for 12 weeks. Firstly, the therapeutic and anti-fibrotic effects of TA on DN were evaluated. Secondly, the effect of TA on renal inflammation was evaluated and a western blot was used to detect the changes in NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway-related protein expressions in the kidney. Furthermore, the effect of TA on impairments in the intestinal mucosa barrier was evaluated and the changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in feces and serum were detected by ELISA. Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect alteration of gut microbiota diversity and abundance in mice after TA treatment. The results showed that TA markedly mitigated blood glucose(Glu), decreased 24-hour uri..., Animals and treatments
A total of 40 C57BL/6  male mice with an average body weight of 20g were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. (SCXK-2023-0011). The housing environment was maintained at 25°C ± 2°C, relative humidity was 50% ± 10%, the light-dark cycle was 12h/12h, and animals were given ad libitum access to food and water. The experimental design is shown in Figure 1B. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 mice for each group): negative control (NC) group, DN group, TA group, and Semaglutide (SE) group. After 1 week of adaptive feeding, the DN, TA, and SE groups were intraperitoneally injected with STZ (50 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.01M sodium citrate buffer, pH: 4.2) for 5 consecutive days to induce diabetic nephropathy. NC group was given equal citrate buffer as controls. The blood glucose(Glu) level of the mice was stable after a week. Subsequently, blood was taken from the mouse tail veins, and the level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) wa..., , # Thonningianin A ameliorated renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy mice by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis and repressing inflammation

### Descriptions

Datasheet 1 includes the biochemical indexes of different groups of mice, such as blood glucose, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, 24-hour urine protein quantification, and kidney index.

* Glu: blood glucose
* Scr: serum creatinine
* BUN: urea nitrogen
* 24hUTP: 24-hour urine protein quantification
* KI: kidney index

Datasheet 2 includes the original bands of WB and the gray statistical values of ASC, Caspase-1, NLRP3, Claudin-1, ZO-1, α-SMA, and E-cadherin. In addition, it also includes PAS staining of the Mesangial matrix area.

Datasheet 3 includes the results of ELISA detection of IL-1β and IL-6 in renal tissue.

Datasheet 4 includes an immunofluorescence semi-quantitative analysis of the expression levels of ASC, Caspase-1, and NLRP3 proteins in mouse kidneys.

Datasheet 5 includes statistical analysis of Occlu...