Long-term different fertilization and fertility improvement positioning experiment in cinnamon soil area: a dataset of corn yield traits from 1992 to 2021

The long-term fertilization and soil improvement experiment in the Cinnamon soil region employed a split-plot design. The main plots were assigned to spring fertilization and autumn fertilization, while the sub-plots consisted of different straw return methods: conventional farmer practice, straw mulch incorporation, direct straw incorporation, manure incorporation (via livestock), and no straw return, amounting to a total of 10 treatments. This dataset comprises monitored data from this experiment, including annual maize yield components (panicle number, grain weight, stem weight, leaf weight, cob weight, 100-grain weight, and average yield), maize cultivar, sowing date, harvest date, sowing method, field management practices, and fertilizer application rates, covering the period from 1992 to 2021.