Multimodal Omics Elucidation of Metabolic Transition during the Development of Hepatic Organoids

Hepatic organoids (HO） serve as optimal models simulating liver development, where elucidating the changes in transcriptome and proteome during their development is crucial for understanding the in vitro simulation of liver biological development. Given that HO are embedded in a matrix gel during their maturation stage, extracting metabolites while fully preserving the cellular state poses significant challenges. Through transcriptomics, it is possible to infer alterations in metabolic flux, offering an alternative perspective on metabolic transformation. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing across four developmental stages of HO, analyzed differential genes and proteins, the correlation between transcriptome and proteome, the transcription-translation ratio, and changes in metabolic flux. RNA sequencing was performed on the following three stages of the differentiation of HO, including: foregut (FG), hepatoblast (HB), HO1, and HO2. Three replicates were performed for each stage.