技术接受的贫富分化?主观社会阶层影响个体对人工智能的态度

Artificial Intelligence (AI) significantly influences society by enhancing human capabilities, improving efficiency, and addressing complex problems. While many people hold an optimistic view of AI’s development, there is also a noticeable sense of apprehension. This duality arises from AI’s potential to create challenges related to fairness, privacy, and security. The concerns about AI’s impact on these areas highlight the need for careful management of its risks. Social class, a construct that signifies individuals’ hierarchical position within society, is shaped by both the tangible social resources they possess and their subjective perception of societal status. The social class to which individuals belong significantly influences their attitudes. However, the extent and manner in which social class shapes these attitudes remain complex and not fully understood. This paper examines the complex relationship between social class and attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence (AI), exploring the psychological mechanisms underlying this connection. Through a series of three methodologically advanced studies, we investigate how social class correlates with perceptions of AI. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between social class and attitudes toward AI. We identify beliefs about social mobility—the perceived likelihood of changing one’s social status—as a significant mediating factor. Individuals from higher social classes tend to hold more optimistic beliefs about social mobility, which in turn fosters more favorable attitudes toward AI. Additionally, we explore collectivism as a moderating variable. Our analysis indicates that high levels of collectivism amplify the relationship between social mobility beliefs and positive attitudes toward AI. This suggests that in more collectivist contexts, the belief in the possibility of social ascension is more strongly associated with favorable views on AI. This study not only highlights the disparities in AI attitudes across social classes but also uncovers new psychological dimensions of class differences. By incorporating social mobility beliefs and collectivism into our analysis, we provide fresh insights into the societal reception of AI technology.