Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006 - Trinidad and Tobago

Abstract
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The 2006 Trinidad and Tobago Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey has as its primary objectives:
- To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Trinidad and Tobago;
- To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established in the Millennium Declaration, the goals of A World Fit For Children (WFFC), and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action;
- To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in Trinidad and Tobago and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems.

Geographic coverage
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National

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample for the Trinidad and Tobago Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) was designed to provide estimates on a large number of indicators on the situation of children and women at the national level. The sample was selected from 15 regions. Regions were identified as the main sampling domains and the sample was selected in two stages. Within each region, census enumeration areas were selected with probability proportional to size. After carrying out a household listing within the selected enumeration areas, a systematic sample of 15 households was drawn. The sample was stratified by region and self-weighted. For reporting national level results, sample weights are used to address the issue of non-response.

The regions were then categorized according to the Ministry of Health's classification of Regional Health Authorities (RHAs) as follows:
- North West RHA:
o Diego Martin;
o Port-of-Spain;
o San Juan/Laventille.

- North Central RHA:
o Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo;
o Chaguanas;
o Tunapuna/Piarco;
o Arima.

- South West RHA:
o Siparia;
o Penal/Debe;
o Princes Town;
o San Fernando;
o Point Fortin.

- Eastern RHA:
o Sangre Grande;
o Mayaro/Rio Claro.

- Tobago.

A more detailed description of the sample design can be found in Appendix A.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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Three sets of questionnaires were used in the survey:
1. A household questionnaire which was used to collect information on all de jure household members, the household, and the dwelling;
2. A women's questionnaire administered in each household to all women aged 15-49 years; and
3. An under-5 questionnaire, administered to mothers or caretakers of all children under 5 years living in households. In cases when the mother was not listed in the household roster, a primary caretaker for the child was identified and interviewed.

The questionnaires included the following modules:
- Household Questionnaire:
o Household listing;
o Education;
o Water and Sanitation;
o Household characteristics;
o Child Labour;
o Child Discipline;
o Salt Iodization.

- Questionnaire for Individual Women:
o Childbearing and Child Mortality;
o Tetanus Toxoid;
o Maternal and Newborn Health;
o Marriage/Union;
o Contraception and Unmet Need;
o Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence;
o Sexual Behaviour;
o HIV/AIDS.

- Questionnaire for Children Under Five:
o Birth Registration and Early Learning;
o Child Development;
o Breastfeeding;
o Care of Illness;
o Immunization.

The questionnaires are based on the MICS3 model questionnaire. From the MICS3 model English version, the questionnaires were pre-tested during April, 2006. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording of the questionnaires. The household listing; education, child labour and immunization modules were notable modified to reflect our local reality.

In addition to the administration of questionnaires, fieldwork teams tested the salt used for cooking in the households for iodine content. Details and findings of this measurement are provided in the respective section of the report.

Cleaning operations
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Data were entered using the CSPro software. The data were entered on twelve (12) microcomputers and carried out by twenty-four (24) data entry operators and four (4) data entry supervisors. Data entry personnel worked in two (2) daily shifts: 8.00 a.m. to 1 p.m. and 1 p.m. to 6 p.m. In order to ensure quality control, all questionnaires were double entered and internal consistency checks were performed. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS3 project and adapted to the Trinidad and Tobago questionnaires were used throughout. Data processing (which included data entry, cleaning, verification and structure checking) began in June, 2006 and finished in November, 2006.

Response rate
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Five thousand nine hundred and seventy-four (5,974) households were found to be occupied of the 5,979 selected for the sample. Of these, 5,557 were successfully interviewed providing a household response rate of 93%. In the households interviewed, 4,826 women (age 15-49) were identified. Of these, 4,605 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 95.4%.

In addition, 1,149 children under age five years were listed in the household questionnaire.

Questionnaires were completed for 1,117 of these children which correspond to a response rate of 97.2%. Overall response rates of 88.8% and 90.4% were calculated for the women and under-5 respectively. While response rates were consistently lower in Tobago than in the other regions, it should be noted that they were reasonably high in all regions.

Lower response rates in Tobago have also been noted in other national surveys and require further investigation to ascertain the underlying reasons for this relatively recent trend.

Sampling error estimates
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The sample of respondents selected in the Trinidad and Tobago Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey is only one of the samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. The extent of variability is not known exactly, but can be estimated statistically from the survey results.

The following sampling error measures are presented in this appendix for each of the selected indicators:
- Standard error (se): Sampling errors are usually measured in terms of standard errors for particular indicators (means, proportions etc). Standard error is the square root of the variance. The Taylor linearization method is used for the estimation of standard errors.
- Coefficient of variation (se/r) is the ratio of the standard error to the value of the indicator.
- Design effect (deff) is the ratio of the actual variance of an indicator, under the sampling method used in the survey, to the variance calculated under the assumption of simple random sampling. The square root of the design effect (deft) is used to show the efficiency of the sample design. A deft value of 1.0 indicates that the sample design is as efficient as a simple random sample, while a deft value above 1.0 indicates the increase in the standard error due to the use of a more complex sample design.
- Confidence limits are calculated to show the interval within which the true value for the population can be reasonably assumed to fall. For any given statistic calculated from the survey, the value of that statistics will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error (p + 2.se or p - 2.se) of the statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

For the calculation of sampling errors from MICS data, SPSS Version 14 Complex Samples module has been used. The results are shown in the tables that follow. In addition to the sampling error measures described above, the tables also include weighted and unweighted counts of denominators for each indicator.

Sampling errors are calculated for indicators of primary interest, for the national total, and for the regions. Two (2) of the selected indicators are based on households, 7 are based on household members, 11 are based on women, and 10 are based on children under 5.

The calculated sampling errors are available in Appendix C of the report.

摘要
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2006年特立尼达和多巴哥多指标集群调查的主要目标如下：
- 提供最新信息，以评估特立尼达和多巴哥儿童及妇女的状况；
- 提供数据，用于监测实现千年宣言、世界儿童适宜居住（WFFC）目标以及其他国际共识目标所取得的进展，作为未来行动的基础；
- 为特立尼达和多巴哥数据与监测系统的改进做出贡献，并加强此类系统设计、实施和分析的技术专长。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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特立尼达和多巴哥多指标集群调查（MICS）的样本设计旨在为国家层面提供大量指标估计值，以反映儿童和妇女的状况。样本从15个地区选取。地区被确定为主要的抽样领域，样本分两个阶段选取。在每个地区内，根据规模比例概率选取人口普查统计区域。在所选统计区域内进行家庭名录编制后，抽取了15个家庭的系统样本。样本按地区分层，并自加权。为报告国家层面的结果，使用样本权重来解决非响应问题。
地区根据卫生部对地区卫生当局（RHAs）的分类进行了如下划分：
- 西北部RHA：
- Diego Martin；
- Port-of-Spain；
- San Juan/Laventille。
- 北中部RHA：
- Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo；
- Chaguanas；
- Tunapuna/Piarco；
- Arima。
- 西南部RHA：
- Siparia；
- Penal/Debe；
- Princes Town；
- San Fernando；
- Point Fortin。
- 东南部RHA：
- Sangre Grande；
- Mayaro/Rio Claro。
- 多巴哥。
更详细的样本设计描述见附录A。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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调查中使用了三套问卷：
1. 家庭问卷，用于收集有关所有法定家庭成员、家庭和住所的信息；
2. 在每个家庭中向所有15-49岁的女性进行的女性问卷；
3. 向居住在家庭中的所有5岁以下儿童的监护人进行的5岁以下儿童问卷。如果母亲未列入家庭名单，则确定儿童的主要监护人并进行访谈。
问卷包括以下模块：
- 家庭问卷：
- 家庭名录；
- 教育；
- 水和卫生；
- 家庭特征；
- 儿童劳动；
- 儿童纪律；
- 盐碘化。
- 个人女性问卷：
- 孕妇和儿童死亡率；
- 破伤风类毒素；
- 母亲和新生儿健康；
- 婚姻/伴侣；
- 避孕和未满足的需求；
- 对家庭暴力的态度；
- 性行为；
- 艾滋病。
- 5岁以下儿童问卷：
- 出生登记和早期学习；
- 儿童发展；
- 母乳喂养；
- 疾病护理；
- 免疫接种。
问卷基于MICS3模型问卷。从MICS3模型英文版本中，问卷在2006年4月进行了预测试。根据预测试结果，对问卷的文字进行了修改。家庭名录、教育、儿童劳动和免疫接种模块被显著修改，以反映本地实际情况。
除了问卷的发放外，现场工作小组还对家庭中用于烹饪的盐进行了碘含量测试。报告的相应部分提供了详细信息和发现。
数据清理操作
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使用CSPro软件录入数据。数据在12台微型计算机上录入，由24名数据录入员和4名数据录入监督员完成。数据录入人员分两个班次工作：上午8点至下午1点，下午1点至下午6点。为确保质量控制，所有问卷都进行了双录入和内部一致性检查。在整个全球MICS3项目中开发和针对特立尼达和多巴哥问卷进行调整的程序和标准程序被广泛应用。数据处理（包括数据录入、清理、验证和结构检查）始于2006年6月，并于2006年11月完成。
响应率
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在5,979个选定的样本中，发现5,974个家庭被占用。其中，5,557个家庭成功接受了访谈，家庭响应率为93%。在受访的家庭中，确定了4,826名（年龄在15-49岁之间）女性。其中，4,605名女性成功接受了访谈，响应率为95.4%。
此外，家庭问卷中列出了1,149名5岁以下儿童。
1,117名这些儿童的问卷已填写完毕，响应率为97.2%。总体而言，女性和5岁以下儿童的响应率分别为88.8%和90.4%。尽管托巴哥的响应率在其他地区中一直较低，但应注意的是，所有地区的响应率都相对较高。
托巴哥的响应率较低也已在其他全国性调查中得到注意，需要进一步调查以确定这一相对较新趋势的潜在原因。
抽样误差估计
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在特立尼达和多巴哥多指标集群调查中选定的受访者样本只是从同一人口中可能选取的样本之一，使用相同的设计和规模。这些样本中的每一个都会产生与实际选定样本结果略有不同的结果。抽样误差是衡量所有可能样本之间差异的一种度量。差异的程度并不完全清楚，但可以从调查结果中统计估计。
在本附录中，为每个选定的指标提供了以下抽样误差度量：
- 标准误差（se）：抽样误差通常以特定指标（均值、比例等）的标准误差来衡量。标准误差是方差的平方根。使用泰勒线性化方法来估计标准误差。
- 变异系数（se/r）是标准误差与指标值的比率。
- 设计效应（deff）是在调查中使用的抽样方法下，指标的实际方差与在简单随机抽样假设下计算的方差的比率。设计效应（deft）的平方根用于显示样本设计的效率。deft值为1.0表示样本设计与简单随机样本一样有效，而deft值大于1.0表示由于使用了更复杂的样本设计而导致的标准误差的增加。
- 置信限用于显示真实值可以合理假设落入的区间。对于从调查中计算出的任何给定统计量，该统计量的值将在95%的所有可能样本相同大小和设计的情况下，加减两倍标准误差（p + 2.se或p - 2.se）的范围内。
对于MICS数据的抽样误差计算，使用了SPSS版本14的复样本模块。结果显示在下表中。除了上述抽样误差度量外，表格还包括每个指标的加权和不加权计数。
为一级感兴趣指标、国家总和和地区计算了抽样误差。
选定的指标中有两个基于家庭，七个基于家庭成员，十一个基于女性，十个基于5岁以下儿童。
计算出的抽样误差可在报告的附录C中找到。