1) Land use change; 2) Changes in soil fungi and bacteria; 3) Studies on microbial diversity in typical temperate forests.

we assessed bacterial and fungal communities in typical temperate forest soils in China under primary forest, secondary forest, and cropland land use.The objectives of this study were (1) Exploring the response of microbial communities on land-use change and soil depth. (2) identify the environmental factors that drive microbial variability under different land-use types; (3) to determine the shift of soil microbial communities and their potential functions with forest land-use change; and (4) to evaluate the assembly processes of soil microbial communities in forest land-use change.