Supplementary Material for: Higher Eosinophils Predict Death-Censored Technique Failure in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Eosinophilia (eosinophil fraction of leukocytes &gt;5%), an indicative parameter for bioincompatibility in various circumstances, is well established in hemodialysis. However, change in eosinophil count (EOC) and its association with death-censored technique failure among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients remain unclear. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We compared eosinophils before and after PD initiation among 1,432 eligible continuous ambulatory PD patients regularly followed up in our PD center during 2007–2018. Risk factors of early-stage eosinophilia were examined by the logistic regression test. The relationship of early-stage eosinophilia and EOC with death-censored technique failure was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model for overall patients and for men and women separately. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After PD initiation, the EOC and percentage of patients with eosinophilia were significantly increased compared with baseline. Being male (odds ratio [OR]: 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–3.31; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and higher EOC at baseline (100 cells/μL increase, OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.45–1.82; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were risk factors of early-stage eosinophilia after PD initiation. During follow-up, 204 death-censored technique failures were recorded. In fully adjusted models, each with 100 cells/μL increase in EOC, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of technique failure were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03–1.20; <i>p</i> = 0.009) in the whole cohort, 1.29 (95% CI: 1.10–1.51; <i>p</i> = 0.002) in women, and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.97–1.17; <i>p</i> = 0.196) in men. Eosinophilia was significantly associated with the risk of technique failure for women (HR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.07–4.70; <i>p</i> = 0.033), which was especially significant for women aged &lt;55 years (HR: 7.61; 95% CI: 1.88–30.90; <i>p</i> = 0.005). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> EOC was increased significantly after PD initiation, and increased numbers of eosinophils were associated with higher death-censored technique failure in PD patients, especially women.