Hainan Island 500m Resolution GDP Spatial Distribution Dataset from 2012 to 2020

Using land cover data from the European Space Agency (ESA), nighttime light data from the National Polar orbiting Cooperative Satellite Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) of the United States, and statistical data from Hainan Province, spatial distribution data of Hainan Island's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 2012 to 2020 were produced. Based on the relationship between land use types and the output value of the primary industry, achieve spatialization of the output value of the primary industry in Hainan Island; By constructing a regression model between the nighttime light index at the county level and the output value of the secondary and tertiary industries, the spatialization of the output value of the secondary and tertiary industries in Hainan Island can be achieved; Based on the spatialization of the output value of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, the spatial distribution data of Hainan Island's GDP is obtained. Using the GDP data publicly available by the Hainan Provincial Bureau of Statistics for verification, the results show that compared to the statistical data of Hainan Province, the maximum relative errors of the spatial distribution data of the output value of the primary industry, the spatial distribution data of the output value of the secondary and tertiary industries, and the spatial distribution data of GDP in each period are 3.25%, 9.58%, and 7.49%, respectively, proving that this dataset has high accuracy. This dataset can provide decision-making basis for the government to formulate economic development policies on the island, and provide data support for scholars to explore the differences and trends in economic development on the island.