Summary of candidate gene differentiation and immune function.

Genes differentiated between A. gambiae and A. coluzzii populations (Clusters 1 and 2) and non-differentiated genes (Cluster 3; see Fig 1) were silenced, followed by challenge with human (P. falciparum) or rodent (P. berghei and P. yoelii) malaria parasites. Gene phenotypes for protection against Plasmodium infection outcome are indicated by box color. Genes are arranged by Cluster membership and are classified as having a significant effect on parasite infection (yellow) or no significant effect (black). Gene-parasite combinations not tested are indicated in gray. Genes in differentiated Clusters are significantly enriched for Plasmodium-protective phenotype as compared to non-differentiated genes (p = 0.0005, see Results). Detailed data for all tests in S2 Table.