Patient and control demographics.

Abbreviations: ALD = alcohol associated liver disease, AP = alkaline phosphatase, NASH = non alcoholic steatohepatitis, m = male, f = female, y = yes, n = no, uk = unknown. Data are summarised as mean ± standard error of the mean unless otherwise stated. All cases of cirrhosis were confirmed on histology excluding patient 8 and patient 12.
¥Case excluded from bile acid summary statistics and calculation of shunt index due to greatly elevated serum bile acids under concomitant treatment with cyclosporine (see main body of text for mechanistic explanation).
*Two-sided unpaired t-test on log-transformed data p<0.005 vs. control.
+sum of the individually determined bile acids (see Figure S1C in File S1 for correlation).
†previous therapy with propranolol.