Straw incorporation dilemma: Problems and solutions for sustainable agriculture

Straw incorporation dilemma: Problems and solutions for sustainable agricultureWe reviewed more than 200 studies (2000–2024) to identify the main effects of straw incorporation on soil quality and health, environmental sustainability, and their implications for achieving the SDGs. We focused on soil quality issues, including fertility indicators such as physical and chemical properties, environmental pollution from non-CO₂ greenhouse gases (nitrous oxide-N₂O and methane-CH₄) and ammonium (NH₃), and soil health concerns such as crop diseases and pest occurrence.