The combined effects of on-road and simulator training with feedback on older drivers' on-road performance: Evidence from a randomized-controlled trial

Objective: A number of training programs that seek to improve driving performance among older drivers are available accompanied by a growing interest in their effectiveness. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the combined effect of 1) basic in-class training (BT); 2) on-road training with individualized feedback (OR); and 3) training on a driving simulator (S). Method: Using a randomized controlled trial study design, 78 older drivers were randomly assigned to one of three groups (BT, BT+OR, or BT+OR+S). All participants completed a pre- and post-intervention on-road driving evaluation on a standardized route. The driving evaluations were recorded using video and GPS equipment and were scored by a blind assessor. Results: The results indicated a significant reduction of approximately 30% in overall number of driving errors/omissions among participants in the BT+OR and the BT+OR+S groups in comparison to participants in the BT group. Conclusions: This study adds to the mounting evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of individualized driver training in improving safe driving among older adults.