Suppression of the invasive shrub <em>Rhamnus cathartica</em> using foliar herbicide and herbaceous revegetation depends on canopy openness and the number and timing of interventions

Many invasive shrubs re-establish quickly following initial management by resprouting vigorously from surviving stems and germinating from remaining seeds. Foliar herbicide is commonly used to treat resprouts but may not suppress re-invasion in the long-term since a single application is rarely comprehensive and many invaders recruit readily from seed. We tested whether follow-up foliar herbicide or herbaceous revegetation can suppress Rhamnus cathartica (common buckthorn) by creating 28 experimental blocks across seven sites in Minnesota, USA. We imposed a factorial combination of revegetation seeding (sown in spring 2017 or left to passive restoration) using a mix of 32 graminoid and forb species and foliar herbicide (fosamine ammonium) application timing (conventional timing – applied in fall 2017 and again in 2019 – or delayed timing – applied in 2019). We measured vegetation height, cover of functional groups, and buckthorn stem densities by size class in each of 2017, 2019, and 20..., , # Data from: Suppression of the invasive shrub *Rhamnus cathartica* using foliar herbicide and herbaceous revegetation depends on canopy openness and the number and timing of interventions Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.zkh1893qc](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zkh1893qc) ## Description of the data and file structure Metadata for the manuscript: Suppression of the invasive shrub *Rhamnus cathartica* using foliar herbicide and herbaceous revegetation depends on canopy openness and the number and timing of interventions Submitted for publication at Forest Ecology and Management This README provides a brief description of the files associated with this project, and then for each file, we provide a description of each column variable. This archive contains four data files. SHEET DESCRIPTIONS Files big_plot_design.csv BigPlot_HerbComp.csv BigPlot_Light.csv BigPlot_TransectSurveys.csv VARIABLE DESCRIPTIONS big_plot_design - metadata on experimental transects (each row is a transect)...,