Characteristics of the cohort studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (n = 12).

Studies list is ordered by date and by type of outcome (Most recent studies and “support” are showed first).ALSPAC, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; ND, Not defined; GDM, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; PGDM, Pre-gestational Diabetes Mellitus; Ctrl, Control; BMI, Body Mass Index; WISC-III/R, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-3rd Edition, R, revised; IQ, Intelligence Quotient; ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; WPPSI-III/R, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence–3rd Edition, R, Revised; SES, Socio Economic Status; T1DM, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus; T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; BSID-I/II, Bayley Scales of Infant Development- 1st/2nd Edition; MDI, Mental Development Index; PDI, Psychomotor Development Index; OGTT, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; DIEP, Diabetes in Early Pregnancy; FA, Fatty Acids.Risk of bias classification (GRADE): L, Low; M, Medium; H, High.Quality score (Newcastle-Ottawa): from 0 (lowest) to 9 (highest).† Number of children included in the studies.*All values refer to mean (Standard Deviation), otherwise it is stated.§ Three references are related to the same subjects, so only the oldest study was included.Characteristics of the cohort studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (n = 12).