Growth hormone (GH) signaling

The growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor axis is a complex system of ligands, binding protein and receptors which the cells use for communication of growth simulating signal. GH is released from the pituitary and by binding to the GH receptor it stimulates longitudinal growth and has anabolic effects on metabolism. Most of the growth-promoting effects of GH are mediated by IGF-1 which is produced mainly in the liver after GH stimulation. IGF-1 has crucial functions especially for embryonic growth and development. This pathway is primarily studied to understand factors that contribute to growth in bos taurus(Jiang et al.)

生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子轴是一套复杂的配体、结合蛋白和受体系统，细胞利用该系统进行生长模拟信号的通信。生长激素由垂体分泌，通过与生长激素受体结合，刺激纵向生长并对代谢产生合成效应。生长激素的大部分促生长效应是通过在生长激素刺激后主要由肝脏产生的胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）介导的。IGF-1在胚胎的生长和发育中发挥着至关重要的作用。该途径主要被研究以理解对牛（Bos taurus）生长有贡献的因素（Jiang 等人）。