CRONOS3 W1

CRONOS3 is the first attempt to establish a large-scale, cross-national, probability-based, mixed-mode panel following an input-harmonised approach. Panel recruitment, setup, maintenance, and data processing are guided by the same methodological principles in all participating countries. The panel builds on the success of the pioneering CRONOS and CRONOS2 panels and is fielded in 11 countries: Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Finland, France, Hungary, Iceland, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom. Unlike the previous CRONOS2 panel, CRONOS3 also includes the offline population, providing panellists without internet access or those who never use the internet with a paper self-completion questionnaire. All survey operations are centralised (except for paper questionnaire and postal letter distributions), in accordance with an input-harmonised approach. CRONOS3 aims to provide the academic, research, and user community with additional substantive, high-quality, comparative data to complement ESS measures. In particular, CRONOS3 measures content across the five NextGenEU themes: make it Green, make it Digital, make it Healthy, make it Strong, and make it Equal. CRONOS3 comprises 5 waves, with each wave including 90 items fielded across all participating countries. Participants are recruited from ESS10 and ESS11 to ensure panel members come from random probability samples. Panellists recruited from ESS10 have previously participated in CRONOS2. Since Poland did not participate in CRONOS2, the Polish sample consists exclusively of panellists recruited from ESS11.CRONOS3是首个采用输入统一（input-harmonised）方法搭建的大规模跨国概率抽样混合模式调研面板。所有参与国的调研面板招募、搭建、维护及数据处理均遵循统一的方法论原则。 该调研面板依托此前开创性的CRONOS与CRONOS2调研面板的成功经验，已在11个国家开展调研：奥地利、比利时、捷克（Czechia）、芬兰、法国、匈牙利、冰岛、波兰、葡萄牙、斯洛文尼亚及英国。与此前的CRONOS2调研面板不同，CRONOS3还覆盖了线下人群，为无互联网接入或从未使用互联网的调研对象提供纸质自填式问卷。所有调研流程均采用集中化管理（纸质问卷与邮政信函分发环节除外），严格遵循输入统一方法。 CRONOS3旨在为学术、研究及用户群体提供高质量的补充性比较数据，以完善ESS（European Social Survey）相关测量维度。具体而言，CRONOS3的调研内容覆盖下一代欧盟（NextGenEU）五大主题：打造绿色未来、打造数字未来、打造健康未来、打造强劲未来与打造公平未来。 CRONOS3共包含5轮调研，每轮调研在所有参与国均设置90个调研条目。调研对象从ESS10与ESS11中招募，以确保调研面板成员均来自随机概率抽样样本。其中，从ESS10招募的面板成员此前均参与过CRONOS2调研；由于波兰未参与CRONOS2，其调研样本仅包含从ESS11招募的面板成员。