The data in paper analysis.

Solar greenhouse is a primary agricultural facility in northern China during winter, providing a certain level of security for the demand for vegetables and melons in the northern regions. However, there remains a lack of uniformity between crop requirements and the light and thermal environment within the planting area of the greenhouse, resulting in non-uniform growth and development of crops. The present study set out with the objective of investigating the impact of the light environment on the internal conditions of a solar greenhouse. To this end, experimental measurements were employed in conjunction with deep learning models. The results showed that rates of change in air temperature and light intensity were significantly higher in the vertical than the horizontal direction, especially below 1,800 metres, where significant differenced in temperature and light distribution existIn the horizontal direction, the impact of light distribution on soil temperature was significant within a range of less than 4,500 mm from the southern base of the greenhouse. By contrast, the impact was less pronounced within a range of 4,500 to 9,000 mm, In the temporal dimension, light variation significantly affected soil temperatures within 150 mm of the surface, but had no significant effect on temperatures within the 300–600 mm range. Similarly, light variation significantly affected temperatures within 200 mm of the inner wall surface, but had no significant effect on temperatures within the 400–800 mm range.Furthermore, vertical differences in light intensity significantly affected temperatures within the 800 mm height range from the indoor ground level, whereas the impact at other heights was less pronounced. The LSTM prediction model was highly accurate, and this study provided the necessary data and theoretical basis for regulating the light and temperature environments in solar greenhouse.