Win-wins or trade-offs? Site and strategy determine carbon and local ecosystem service benefits for protection, restoration, and agroforestry

This data package contains original datasets from McDonald et al. (2024), available online at https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1432654
Nature-based solutions (NBS) can deliver many benefits to human well-being, including some crucial to climate adaptation. We quantitatively assess the global potential of NBS strategies of protection, restoration, and agroforestry by modeling global climate change mitigation and local ecosystem services. The strategies with the most potential to help people do not necessarily deliver the most climate change mitigation: per area of conservation action, agroforestry provides substantial benefits to three times more people on average than reforestation while providing less than one-tenth the carbon sequestration per unit area. Each strategy delivers a different suite of ecosystem service benefits; for instance, avoided forest conversion provides a strong increase in nitrogen retention (100% increase to 72 million people if fully implemented globally) whil..., Our analysis proceeded in six steps: 1) defining a conceptual framework for ecosystem services and their relationship to adaptation benefits; 2) selecting the input scenarios of conservation action; 3) selecting other key global datasets needed for our analysis; 4) ecosystem service modeling in biophysical terms; 5) calculating and mapping of beneficiaries; and 6) prioritization analysis to select sites for conservation action with high human well-being benefits. Please the journal article for details on each step.
This data package includes the original datasets created by this analysis, in the form of easy-to-use raster maps. Many of the figures in the paper are simple summaries, by country or basin, derived from these rasters., , # Data from: Win-wins or trade-offs? Site and strategy determine carbon and local ecosystem service benefits for protection, restoration, and agroforestry

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gjcr](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gjcr)

## Description of the data and file structure

This data package contains information on seven ecosystem services for three Natural Climate Solutions (NCS) scenarios, as used in McDonald et al. 2024.

Our analysis proceeded in six steps: 1) defining a conceptual framework for ecosystem services and their relationship to adaptation benefits; 2) selecting the input scenarios of conservation action; 3) selecting other key global datasets needed for our analysis; 4) ecosystem service modeling in biophysical terms; 5) calculating and mapping of beneficiaries; and 6) prioritization analysis to select sites for conservation action with high human well-being benefits. Please see the manuscript for details of each step.

### Files and variables

#### File: McD...