Global Competitive Sustainability of the Peruvian Asparagus Industry's Agro-Export Performance in the International Market

Peru holds a particularly relevant position in the international fresh asparagus trade, maintaining a favorable export position and a consolidated presence in the global market. However, this position still reveals the need to diversify toward resilient and sustainable new markets in order to maintain a solid export standing in international trade. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the global competitive sustainability of the agro-export performance of the Peruvian asparagus industry during the 2010-2024 period. Using official data from the World Bank, Veritrade, CEPII, and MINCETUR, the study applied a quantitative explanatory approach with descriptive and explanatory scope. The findings show that the HHI for Peruvian asparagus exporters remained at low levels, indicating low business concentration and a relatively diversified supply structure. This suggests that Peruvian exports do not depend on a single dominant firm, but rather on a broader group of exporting agents. By contrast, the HHI for destination markets reveals a high geographical concentration of demand. In terms of competitiveness, Peru maintained a strong net export position, with values close to 1 in the trade competitiveness index. The RSCA also showed favorable performance in markets such as the United States, Spain, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, although without achieving fully consolidated structural stability. Regarding the gravity model, the EGLS estimation with PCSE correction indicated that the economic size of the destination country was the most important factor explaining Peruvian asparagus exports. Distance, in contrast, had a restrictive effect, while trade agreements did not show clear statistical consistency. Expansion opportunities were also identified in destinations such as China, Australia, Ecuador, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Poland, New Zealand, and Finland. Therefore, the competitive sustainability of Peruvian asparagus depends not only on preserving export leadership, but also on reducing destination-market concentration, strengthening logistical efficiency, expanding productive capabilities, and orienting trade policy toward markets with favorable economic fundamentals.