Dataset underlying the publication: Sanitary conditions modulate cytokine response of broilers

What is the research about?Sanitary conditions influence the animal’s adaptive immune response and body weight. Low sanitary conditions (LSC), defined as the conditions with high (bacterial) antigenic pressure, were shown to reduce body weight gain of pigs and chickens and increase their natural antibody levels in plasma or serum. The aim of this study was to investigate how sanitary conditions can modulate the inflammatory immune response of broilers. To test this, broiler type chickens kept under LSC or high sanitary conditions (HSC) received a respiratory challenge with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and their in vivo and ex vivo immune responses were compared. We measured cytokine levels in plasma before and after LPS challenge, and in culture supernatants of isolated monocytes after the LPS challenge. We found that broilers kept under LSC, in comparison to HSC, had higher systemic IFN-γ levels in plasma from 0 h to 24 h, and lower IL-10 levels at 48 h after LPS challenge. Monocytes from broilers kept under LSC produced more IL-10 and less IL-12p40 than from broilers kept under HSC, which resulted in higher IL-10:IL-12 ratios in those chickens. In conclusion, LSC modulated the immune response by inducing a stronger anti-inflammatory (IL-10) response towards the LPS challenge, which may be explained by either a regulatory T cell response or LPS tolerance. This anti-inflammatory bias under LSC might protect the animals from inflammatory damage, but could also change their response to future bacterial infections.<br>What experiments were done specifically?All procedures on animals were approved by the Animal Welfare Body of Wageningen University &amp; Research and the Dutch Central Committee on animal experiments (CCD) in accordance with Dutch laws and regulations on the execution of animal experiments no. AVD1040020173026 and no. AVD104002016441.To determine the period of collecting plasma samples from broilers during the animal experiment, we measured cytokine production from chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with LPS. Subsequently, the animal experiment was performed, where broilers were kept under LSC or HSC. At 33 day-of-life, plasma samples were collected before and after the broilers were treated intratracheally with LPS to measure cytokine concentrations. Also, 48h after the intratracheal treatment, monocytes were isolated and stimulated ex vivo with LPS for 48h to measure cytokine concentrations.<br>Which data is in this dataset?The data from cytokine concentrations measured by capture ELISA for IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IFN-gamma.<br>

本研究的研究内容是什么？
卫生条件可影响动物的适应性免疫应答与体重。低卫生条件（Low sanitary conditions, LSC）被定义为存在高（细菌）抗原压力的环境，已有研究表明其会降低猪与肉鸡的体重增益，并提升其血浆或血清中的天然抗体水平。本研究旨在探究卫生条件如何调控肉鸡的炎症性免疫应答。为验证该假说，本研究将饲养于LSC与高卫生条件（High sanitary conditions, HSC）下的肉鸡分别施以脂多糖（Lipopolysaccharides, LPS）呼吸道攻毒，并对比二者的体内与离体免疫应答情况。研究人员检测了LPS攻毒前后血浆中的细胞因子水平，以及LPS攻毒后分离单核细胞的培养上清液中的细胞因子水平。结果显示，与HSC组肉鸡相比，LSC组肉鸡在LPS攻毒后0至24小时的血浆中系统IFN-γ水平更高，而在攻毒后48小时的IL-10水平更低。LSC组肉鸡的单核细胞相较于HSC组可分泌更多IL-10、更少IL-12p40，进而使该组肉鸡的IL-10:IL-12比值更高。综上，LSC通过在LPS攻毒时诱导更强的抗炎（IL-10）应答来调控免疫应答，该现象可通过调节性T细胞应答或LPS耐受来解释。这种LSC环境下的抗炎偏倚或许可保护动物免受炎症损伤，但也可能改变其对后续细菌感染的应答反应。

具体开展了哪些实验？
本研究所有动物实验程序均经瓦赫宁根大学及研究中心（Wageningen University & Research）动物福利委员会与荷兰中央动物实验委员会（Dutch Central Committee on animal experiments, CCD）审批，符合荷兰关于动物实验实施的相关法律法规，审批编号分别为AVD1040020173026与AVD104002016441。为确定动物实验中肉鸡血浆样本的采集时段，研究人员检测了经LPS刺激的鸡外周血单个核细胞（Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, PBMCs）的细胞因子分泌情况。随后开展正式动物实验，将肉鸡分别饲养于LSC与HSC环境中。在肉鸡33日龄时，于气管内给予LPS处理前后采集血浆样本，以检测细胞因子浓度。此外，在气管内处理48小时后，分离单核细胞并在离体环境中用LPS刺激48小时，以检测细胞因子浓度。

本数据集包含哪些数据？
本数据集包含通过捕获酶联免疫吸附试验（capture ELISA）检测得到的IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12p40及IFN-γ的浓度数据。