Viking-Age Bead Classification System (Callmer 1977)

This spreadsheet presents the classification system commonly used for the beads and necklaces of Viking-Age Scandinavia (ca. 800-1000 C.E.). This system was first published by Johan Callmer in 1977 and is now out of print; it is made available here with the author's permission. The creator of this spreadsheet (Matthew Delvaux) has updated terminology to conform to current usage, reorganized the system to make it more accessible for researchers, and integrated chronological information wherever possible to aid in the classification and interpretation of new finds. Preliminary notes, including important deviations from Callmer's original system, are presented in the sheet labeled \"Remarks.\" This is followed by a sheet labeled \"System,\" which defines the properties used to describe Viking-Age beads, including both Callmer's original descriptions and the revised terminology used throughout the spreadsheet. \"Beads\" provides a searchable and sortable table of bead types, with chronological information derived from Callmer's assemblages in the right-hand columns. \"Assemblages\" presents information on the necklaces Callmer used for his analysis. \"Bead Groups\" lists the classification system that Callmer developed to sort these assemblages, including the number of assemblages he assigned to each group. \"Bead Periods\" offers summary information for each bead period, derived from Callmer's assemblage inventories and how he sorted these assemblages into chronological groups.