Modal verbs of strong obligation in Scottish Standard English: Corpus data

The dataset contains instances of the (semi-)modal verbs 'must', 'have to', 'need to' and '(have) got to' from nineteen written and spoken genres in the Scottish and British components of the International Corpus of English (ICE-SCO and ICE-GB). Nonfinite forms (e.g. 'will have to', 'might need to'), interrogatives, past-tense forms, as well as negations were excluded (partly through non-inclusion in the search, partly manually), as were all epistemic instances (predominantly of 'must') and non-obligation meanings of 'got to' (e.g. 'They got to be friends'). The sentences attached to each occurrence were manually annotated for grammatical person (of the subject) and source of obligation (objective vs. subjective).

该数据集包含来自苏格兰和英国部分的国际英语语料库（ICE-SCO 和 ICE-GB）十九种书面和口语体裁中（半）模态动词 'must'、'have to'、'need to' 以及 '(have) got to' 的实例。非限定形式（例如 'will have to'、'might need to'）、疑问句、过去时态形式以及否定形式（部分通过搜索排除，部分通过人工处理）均被排除在外，此外，所有认知实例（主要指 'must'）以及 '(have) got to' 的非义务意义（例如 'They got to be friends'）也被排除。每个出现实例所附带的句子均经人工标注，包括主语的人称语法以及义务来源（客观与主观）。