Cytokines secreted by control MSCs and MSCs labeled with M-SPIO particles or nanodiamonds.

Adherent adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from a human lipoaspirate sample. The MSCs were cultured to passage 2 in Standard Media consisting of Dulbecco's modified eagle medium, 10% foetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin solution. MSCs were cultured alone or labeled with ∼0.9 µm superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (M-SPIO) or ∼0.25 µm nanodiamonds for 3 days. Conditioned medium was collected and analysed for a panel of 27 human cytokines and growth factors using Bio-Plex technology. The reported values are the average ± standard deviation for each cytokine in pg/mL (n = 3). A two-tailed t-test revealed no significant differences in the levels of any of the cytokines secreted by control and labeled cells in each experiment. N.D. refers to not detected.