Study variables before and after 4-month treatment with dietary supplement or placebo.

Values are expressed as mean±SD. M4: Month 4; FPG: fasting plasma glucose. FP insulin: fasting plasma insulin; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-B (%): β cell function; HOMA-S (%): insulin sensitivity; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; FFA: free fatty acids; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; IL-6: interleukin-6; Akt: serine/threonine protein kinase B. Baseline data did not differ between groups using unpaired Student t-tests. Baseline and 4-month data in each group were compared using paired Student’s t-tests; Changes (values at 4 months–values at baseline/values at baseline*100) in the placebo and dietary supplement groups were compared using unpaired Student’s t-test.