Annual time series of riparian vegetation and climate variables in the Black Volta Basin, Ghana (2000–2020)

This dataset contains annual time series (2000–2020) of key biophysical and climatic variables for the riparian zone of the Black Volta Basin in Ghana’s Savanna Region. It includes: NDVI_Mean: Mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (proxy for vegetation greenness) MNDWI_Mean: Mean Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (proxy for surface water extent) Precipitation_Mean: Annual total precipitation (mm), derived from CHIRPS v2.0 Temperature_Mean: Annual mean air temperature (°C), derived from ERA5-Land The data were used in the study "Shifts and drivers of riparian vegetation in the Black Volta Basin in the Savanna region of Ghana" to assess two decades of riparian vegetation dynamics and identify climatic and hydrological drivers. The dataset supports remote sensing–based environmental monitoring in West African savanna ecosystems and enables replication or extension of trend and regression analyses (e.g., Mann–Kendall, multiple linear regression).