Data from: Seasonal contrasts in individual consistency of oriental honey buzzards' migration
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Individual consistency in migration can shine light on the mechanisms of migration. Most studies reported that birds are more consistent in the timing than in the routes or stopover sites during migration, but some specialist species showed the opposite patterns, being more consistent in spatial than temporal aspects of migration. One possible explanation for this contrast is that specialists rely on particular food or habitat resources, which restrict the migratory routes they can take, leading to high spatial consistency. If this is the case, the effect of specialist foraging should become apparent only when birds forage, instead of fasting and flying continuously. To test this effect, we analysed individual consistency in migration of the oriental honey buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus), a specialist raptor that feeds on honeybees and wasps, using a long-term tracking data set. As honey buzzards make extended stopovers during which they forage in spring but not in autumn, the spatial consistency should be higher in spring than in autumn. Honey buzzards were highly consistent in both their migratory routes and stopover sites in Southeast Asia, but only during spring migration. Our results highlight an important link between species' migratory consistency and foraging ecology.
迁徙过程中的个体一致性可为揭示迁徙机制提供重要线索。多数研究表明，鸟类在迁徙时的时间节律一致性高于迁徙路线或中途停歇地的一致性，但部分特化物种呈现相反模式：其迁徙的空间维度一致性高于时间维度。针对这一差异，一种可能的解释是：特化物种依赖特定的食物或生境资源，这限制了其可选择的迁徙路线，进而形成较高的空间一致性。若该假说成立，则特化物种的觅食行为对迁徙一致性的影响仅会在鸟类觅食期间显现，而非在持续飞行、禁食的阶段。为验证这一效应，本研究依托长期追踪数据集，对以蜜蜂和胡蜂为食的特化猛禽——凤头蜂鹰（*Pernis ptilorhynchus*）的迁徙个体一致性展开分析。由于凤头蜂鹰在春季会进行可延长停留时长的停歇并在此期间觅食，而秋季并无此类觅食性停歇，因此其空间一致性在春季应高于秋季。研究结果显示，凤头蜂鹰在东南亚的迁徙路线与中途停歇地均表现出极高的一致性，但该模式仅存在于春季迁徙期间。本研究结果揭示了物种迁徙一致性与觅食生态之间的重要关联。
