Data Sheet 1_Spatiotemporal transition and spatial non-stationary effects of the green transformation of arable land use in the Yellow River Basin, China from 2005 to 2022.docx

With the promotion of high-quality agricultural development and ecological protection awareness, studying the spatiotemporal dynamics and influencing factors of green transformation in arable land use (GTALU) is crucial for breaking resource constraints and achieving sustainable agriculture. However, how to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal interactive evolution patterns and the comprehensive effect paths of main factors in GTALU remains challenging. Therefore, this research uses exploratory spatiotemporal data analysis (ESTDA) methods to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution pattern of GTALU in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) from 2005 to 2022. In addition, a ‘individual-interaction-comprehensive’ analytical framework was constructed by combining the optimal parameter geographical detector (OPGD) and geographically weighted regression-improved structural equation model (GWR-SEM) models to identify the main influencing factors of GTALU and to interpret its comprehensive spatial non-stationarity characteristics. The research results show that: (1) from 2005 to 2022, GTALU in the YRB exhibited an ‘N’-shaped characteristic. (2) GTALU in the YRB presented a feature of ‘dynamic fluctuations under stable aggregation’, with strong path dependence and lock-in effects. (3) DEM, SP, ALR, PD, and II significantly influenced GTALU, with II playing a dominant role. (4) The combined effect of main factors showed significant spatial non-stationarity characteristics. Among them, II and SP have significant positive impacts in Shandong province and the southwest of the research area; DEM, ALR, and PD have significant negative impacts in the middle reaches of the YRB, the “Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Ulanqab” urban agglomeration, and the three cities of Jiuquan-Jiayuguan-Zhangye, respectively. This research provides scientific support for formulating differentiated GTALU development strategies according to local conditions.