Annual Northeast Atlantic (1875-2016) and German Bight (1897-2018) Storm Activity, Standardized to 1961-1990

Annual observed storm activity (unitless) over the German Bight (GBSA) and the Northeast Atlantic (NEASA) for 1897-2018 and 1875-2016, respectively. Storm activity is defined as standardized 95th annual percentiles of geostrophic wind speeds, obtained from horizontal gradients of mean sea-level pressure measurements at representative locations in the respective areas. Calculations of NEASA follow Krueger et al. (2019), while calculations of GBSA follow Krieger et al. (2021), except that the reference period of 1961-1990 is used to standardize storm activity time series. A list of all locations and their coordinates can be found in the associated publication Krieger et al. (2026). For more information on the concept of geostrophic wind-based storm activity, see Schmidt and von Storch (1993).