DIABETES MELLITUS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: MECHANISMS AND PREVENTION

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Persistent high blood sugar contributes to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal lipid metabolism, which collectively promote vascular damage and heart disease. Early detection of cardiovascular risk factors and regular monitoring are essential for preventing complications. Effective management involves lifestyle modifications, strict control of blood sugar and blood pressure, lipid regulation, and adherence to medical therapies. Patient education, psychological support, and coordinated care among healthcare professionals further enhance prevention. Implementing evidence-based strategies can reduce the burden of cardiovascular complications in people with diabetes and improve long-term health outcomes.