Data_Sheet_1_Multiscalar Temporality in Human Behaviour: A Case Study of Constraint Interdependence in Psychotherapy.PDF

Ecological psychology (EP) and the enactive approach (EA) may benefit from a more focused view of lived temporality and the underlying temporal multiscalar nature of human living. We propose multiscalar temporality (MT) as a framework that complements EP and EA, and moves beyond their current conceptualisation of timescales and inter-scale relationships in organism-environment dynamical systems. MT brings into focus the wide ranging and meshwork-like interdependencies at play in human living and the questions concerning how agents are intimately entangled in such meshworks, utilising them as resources for skilful living. We develop a conceptual toolkit that highlights temporality: Firstly, we address lived temporality. We use a case study from psychotherapy to show how a person’s skilful engagement with the world is best described as adaptive harnessing of interdependencies of constraints residing across a wide range of timescales. We call this skill time-ranging. Secondly, the case study provides a proof of concept of the integration of an idiographic approach to human conversing and a more general theory of emergent organisation rooted in theoretical biology. We introduce the existing concept of constraint closure from theoretical biology and scale it up to human interactivity. The detailed conceptualisation of constraint interdependencies constitutes the backbone of the proposal. Thirdly, we present a heuristic mapping of what we call organising frames. The mapping guides the conceptualisation of the emergence of inter-scale relationships and serves as an epistemic tool that brings together nomothetic and idiographic approaches. Finally, we combine new ideas with re-interpretations of existing EP and EA concepts and elaborate on the need of a fresh new look at the implicit and sometimes missing conceptualisations of temporality in the EP and EA literature.

生态心理学（EP）与具身方法（EA）或许能够从对经历的时间性和人类生活所蕴含的多尺度时间属性的深入审视中受益。我们提出多尺度时间性（MT）作为一框架，以此补充EP与EA，并超越它们在有机体-环境动态系统中的时间尺度及其跨尺度关系的现有概念化。MT将聚焦于人类生活中广泛存在的、类似网络般交织的相互依赖关系，并探讨智能体如何与这些网络紧密相连，将它们作为智慧生活的资源。我们开发了一套概念工具箱，突显时间性：首先，我们关注经历的时间性。我们通过心理咨询案例研究展示，一个人与世界巧妙互动的行为最佳描述为对广泛时间尺度上约束相互依赖性的适应性利用。我们称此为时间跨度技能。其次，案例研究为将人类对话的个案研究方法与基于理论生物学的更普遍的涌现组织理论相结合提供了概念验证。我们引入了来自理论生物学的约束闭合概念，并将其扩展至人类互动中。对约束相互依赖性的细致概念化构成了该提议的核心。第三，我们提出了所谓组织框架的启发式映射。该映射指导了跨尺度关系涌现的概念化，并作为一种认识工具，将规范性和个案研究方法结合起来。最后，我们将新观点与对现有EP和EA概念的重新诠释相结合，并阐述了在EP和EA文献中对时间性的隐含和有时缺失的概念化进行全新审视的必要性。