Processing of Genomic RNAs by Dicer in Bat Cells Limits SARS-CoV-2 Replication

This project investigates the molecular responses of Tadarida brasiliensis (Brazilian free-tailed bat) cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection and Poly(I:C) treatment using both small RNA sequencing (small RNA-seq) and mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Through small RNA-seq, we analyzed the differential expression of small RNAs, including miRNAs, in uninfected and SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, uncovering key alterations in endogenous small RNA biogenesis pathways influenced by the virus. Additionally, we explored the role of Dicer in antiviral defense by comparing small RNA profiles in Dicer knockdown and control cells, revealing that Dicer facilitates the processing of viral RNAs into siRNA-like fragments, contributing to viral replication control. Using mRNA-seq, we examined the transcriptomic changes in bat cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection and Poly(I:C) treatment, focusing on differentially expressed genes and pathways involved in the immune response. These analyses identified critical genes and pathways associated with antiviral defense mechanisms, including dsRNA sensors and host immune regulators, providing comprehensive insights into how T. brasiliensis interacts with viral infections and dsRNA mimics at both the small RNA and mRNA levels. This integrative approach enhances our understanding of bat antiviral strategies and their unique regulatory RNA pathways.