Green diesel rich product (C-₁₅) from the hydro-deoxygenation of refined palm oil over activated NH₄⁺-Indonesian natural zeolite

Zeolite is a potential material for use as a catalyst in various catalytic reactions. In this research, green diesel-range hydrocarbons were successfully derived from refined palm oil <i>via</i> a hydrotreating process in a batch-stirred autoclave reactor using activated Indonesian natural zeolite (ANZ) as a catalyst. A series of detailed characterizations, including XRD, XRF, SEM, FTIR, N₂ sorption isotherm, and NH₃-TPD, were utilized to investigate the physicochemical properties of the catalyst. Herein, the ANZ, dominated by the mordenite phase, was prepared through dealumination and NH₄⁺-exchange, and directly used without calcination that is commonly performed to convert NH₄⁺ into a proton. Moreover, the hydrotreating reaction was carried out at 375°C with a weight ratio of feed to catalyst of 100:1. The catalytic tests showed that C₁₅ alkanes were the most dominant liquid product obtained <i>via</i> the decarbonylation reaction mechanism of refined palm oil. In addition, the highest activity of the ANZ catalyst exhibited up to ~36 wt.% and selectivity up to 70% toward the formation of C₁₅ diesel-range with cetane numbers in the range 71 and 77.沸石（Zeolite）是一类可在多种催化反应中用作催化剂的潜在材料。本研究以活化印尼天然沸石（activated Indonesian natural zeolite, ANZ）为催化剂，在间歇搅拌式高压釜反应器中通过加氢精制（hydrotreating）工艺，从精炼棕榈油中成功制备得到绿色柴油链烃。本研究采用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、N₂吸附等温线以及氨程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）等一系列详细表征手段，对该催化剂的理化性质进行了系统探究。该ANZ催化剂以丝光沸石相为主，通过脱铝与NH₄⁺交换工艺制备得到，且未经过常规用于将NH₄⁺转化为质子的焙烧步骤，直接投入使用。本加氢精制反应在375℃下进行，进料与催化剂的质量比为100:1。催化测试结果表明，经由精炼棕榈油的脱羰基反应机制生成的液体产物中，C₁₅烷烃为主要组分。此外，该ANZ催化剂的最高催化活性可达约36 wt.%，对C₁₅柴油链烃的选择性最高达70%，所得产物的十六烷值介于71至77之间。