Descriptive statistics of domain-specific composite scores, effect sizes and Cronbach’s alpha for each cognitive domain.

Note: Patients’ neuropsychological test scores were standardized using the healthy control group data. Sustained vigilance/attention domain includes Stroop words only and colors only, Trail making test part A and Digit vigilance test. Ideation fluency domain includes Controlled Oral Word Association test and Animal Naming Test. Cognitive flexibility includes Stroop color/word interference test and Trail making test part B. Visuospatial memory domain includes Spatial processing test and Wechsler adult intelligence scale (Block Design, Chinese version). DS: deficit schizophrenia; NDS: non-deficit schizophrenia.Descriptive statistics of domain-specific composite scores, effect sizes and Cronbach’s alpha for each cognitive domain.