Intergeneric hybrid origin of the serious invasive tetraploid Cirsium vulgare

The invasive tetraploid Cirsium vulgare hybridizes with both Cirsium and Lophiolepis. It exhibits a blend of morphological, anatomical, and genomic traits from both Cirsium and Lophiolepis, suggesting an intergeneric hybrid origin. We analyzed the enigmatic origin of the noxious weed Cirsium vulgare, employing RADseq techniques. Additionally, we investigated the ability of C. vulgare to form interspecific natural hybrids with representatives of Cirsium and Lophiolepis based on herbarium revision, in the framework of a broader investigation of spontaneous hybridization within these two genera and between them in Central Europe, British Isles, and across the World. Finally, we taxonomically interpreted our results.