Biochemical identification of pathogenic bacteria isolates of ornamental fish in the state of Amazon

Ornamental fish in the Amazon are largely exported to the major centers of distribution and sale of ornamental fish in the world, located in the USA, Japan and Germany and at least eight species stand out as major. These species are collected in the medium and upper Rio Negro, in the municipality of Barcelos, in the state of Amazonas, which accounts for about 70% of exports of ornamental fish from Brazil and generating annual revenues of more than 6 million dollars. Because of the intense ornamental fish trade in the region, importers of fish from the Amazon have questioned the sanity of these animals about microorganisms, especially bacteria and viruses that cause disease in these animals. Bacterial and viral diseases can occur in all species of fish maintained under conditions of exploitation causing significant economic losses. Our goal was to verify the occurrence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in ornamental fishes exported from the state of Amazonas. Biochemical characterization of bacterial isolates from five species of ornamental fish allowed the identification of genus (Staphylococcus,Nocardia, Acinetobacter andLactococcus), with important bacterial species causing mortalities in marine and freshwater fish. While Amazon has great biodiversity, there are few studies to investigate this complexity, mainly related to the presence of pathogens causing bacterial diseases on ornamental fish. The results demonstrate the occurrence of pathogenical bacteria or with pathogenic potential in different species of ornamental fish traded from the state of Amazonas.

亚马逊流域的观赏鱼类主要出口至全球观赏鱼分销与销售核心枢纽——美国、日本与德国；其中至少有8个物种为主要出口品类。这些物种采集自亚马孙州（Amazonas）巴塞罗那什市的内格罗河（Rio Negro）中上游河段，该区域占巴西观赏鱼出口总量的约70%，年创收超600万美元。由于该区域观赏鱼贸易规模庞大，来自亚马逊流域的鱼类进口商曾质疑这些动物携带的微生物（尤其是引发鱼类疾病的细菌与病毒）的安全性。在人工养殖或捕捞利用条件下，细菌与病毒性疾病可感染所有鱼类品类，并造成显著经济损失。本研究的目标为验证从亚马孙州出口的观赏鱼体内潜在致病菌的存在情况。研究人员对5种观赏鱼分离得到的细菌进行生化鉴定，最终确定了葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）、诺卡氏菌属（Nocardia）、不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）以及乳球菌属（Lactococcus），这些菌属均包含可造成海水及淡水鱼类死亡的重要致病菌。尽管亚马孙流域拥有极高的生物多样性，但针对该区域的相关研究仍较为匮乏，尤其是与观赏鱼细菌性疾病病原相关的研究。本研究结果证实，在亚马孙州交易的多种观赏鱼体内，均存在致病菌或具备致病潜力的细菌。