den Breems2015 - macrophage in cancer

The paper describes a model of re-polarisation of M2 and M1 macrophages and its role on cancer outcomes.
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This model is described in the article:
The re-polarisation of M2 and M1 macrophages and its role on cancer outcomes
den Breems, Nicoline Y.; Eftimie, Raluca
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 390, 23-39

Abstract:
The anti-tumour and pro-tumour roles of Th1/Th2 immune cells and M1/M2 macrophages have been documented by numerous experimental studies. How- ever, it is still unknown how these immune cells interact with each other to control tumour dynamics. Here, we use a mathematical model for the inter- actions between mouse melanoma cells, Th2/Th1 cells and M2/M1 macro- phages, to investigate the unknown role of the re-polarisation between M1 and M2 macrophages on tumour growth. The results show that tumour growth is associated with a type-II immune response described by large num- bers of Th2 and M2 cells. Moreover, we show that: (i) the ratio k of the transition rates k12 (for the re-polarisation M1→M2) and k21 (for the re- polarisation M2→M1) is important in reducing tumour population, and (ii) the particular values of these transition rates control the delay in tumour growth and the final tumour size. We also perform a sensitivity analysis to investigate the effect of various model parameters on changes in the tumour cell population, and confirm that the ratio k alone and the ratio of M2 and M1 macrophage populations at earlier times (e.g., day 7), cannot always predict the final tumour size.

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