DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF FINANCING INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES AT THE ALMALYK MINING AND METALLURGICAL COMPLEX

This thesis examines priority directions for improving the efficiency of financing investment activities at the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex (AMMC). The study focuses on the structure of financing sources, the optimization of the cost of capital, the balance between own and borrowed funds, project selection based on financial criteria, risk management, and the introduction of digital monitoring tools. Particular attention is paid to the use of weighted average cost of capital (WACC), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), debt service indicators, phased financing, and currency risk management. The study argues that a diversified financing model combined with stronger project governance can reduce financial risks, improve capital allocation, and increase the long-term sustainability of large-scale industrial investment programs.