Gauteng City-Region Observatory Quality of Life Survey 2011 - South Africa

Abstract
---------------------------

The Gauteng-City Region Observatory (GCRO) commissioned Data World to conduct its Second Quality of Life Survey, with surveys being conducted in second half of 2011.

The Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO) was established in 2008 as a partnership between the University of Johannesburg (UJ), the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Wits) and the Gauteng Provincial Government (GPG), with local government in Gauteng also represented. The objective of the GCRO is to inform and assist the various spheres of the Gauteng government in building and maintaining the province as an integrated and globally competitive region.

The Second Quality of Life Survey must comprehensively represent the whole of Gauteng, which consists of 10 municipalities, which in turn covers 508 wards. Data World was contracted to undertake 15000 surveys across this sphere. Among the main aims of the Quality of Life Survey, is to inform the GCRO as well as provincial government and other relevant parties with regards to the perceived states of the municipalities within Gauteng, with focus on the quality of the lives of people who live within these municipalities.

Geographic coverage
---------------------------

The Gauteng City-Region Observatory Quality of Life Survey 2011 covers the whole of Gauteng and also areas with GCR 'footprints' in the four neighbouring provinces of Free State, North West, Limpopo and Mpumalanga.

Analysis unit
---------------------------

The units of analysis in theGauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO) Quality of Life Survey are households and individuals

Universe
---------------------------

The Gauteng City-Region Observatory Quality of Life Survey 2009 covered all household residents of Gauteng and selected areas of the four neighbouring provinces of Free State, North West, Limpopo and Mpumalanga.

Kind of data
---------------------------

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
---------------------------

For the purpose of this study, multi-stage cluster sampling was used as no sampling frame containing all members in the universe or population exists. The sample was drawn in stages, with wards being selected at the first stage, dwelling
units within the wards being selected in the second stage and respondents selected at the third stage.

Phase 1
The wards formed the primary sampling units (PSUs). A random starting point(s) was used as a method to select the dwelling units to be surveyed. A total number of 602 wards in 4 provinces (Gauteng 448 wards), (Mpumalanga 72 wards), (North-West 70 wards) and (Free State 12 wards) were completed. A total of 6639 interviews were completed in these wards.

Phase 2
During the second phase, the field teams were required to complete a certain number of interviews, depending on the population size of that particular ward. The teams had to complete for an example in ward X 3 interviews and in ward Y they had to complete 33 interviews. This meant that the field teams had different target number of interviews that they needed to complete in all the pre-selected wards. Ward maps were obtained before fieldwork commenced, and random starting points were identified, marked and numbered on the map. This allowed for the random selection of one (if more than one existed) starting point. The field managers concerned will firstly identify where the starting point(s) is/are on the ground. Oncethat has been established he/she will from the starting point count 20 households from the starting point moving to his/her left. The 20th household that he/she has selected was the household were the interviews was supposed to take place Thereafter, the next 20th household was selected and approached until the target number of interviews was obtained.

The following process of household selection was adhered to:
From the starting point 20 houses were counted in a ward. However, if there were:
• 1-5 target number of interviews to be completed in a ward; 01 starting point was used;
• 6-10 target number of interviews to be completed in a ward; 02 starting points were used;
• 11-15 target number of interviews to be completed in the ward; 03 starting points were used;
• 16-20 target number of interviews to be completed in the ward; 04 starting points were used;
• 21-25 target number of interviews to be completed in the ward; 05 starting points were used; and
• 25 and above target number of interviews to be completed in a ward; 06 starting points were used
In the case of a household refusal or if a selected respondent was mentally disabled, the household was immediately substituted with the household on the left. If still there was no interview completed then another substitution, going to the right of the originally selected household, was done. In case of non-contact whereby there was no-one home after two visits at two different times (afternoon and evenings) on the same day, the same substitution method was followed. Therefore, at least two-revisits at different times were done in cases where selected dwelling units, households or individuals were not at home i.e. non-contact. However, in some cases households visited after 19:00 on the day were substituted as agreed to in order to ensure that all the target number of households would be completed in the allocated time per ward.

Phase 3
For the purpose of this study, one randomly selected household respondent was selected per household. All household members qualified if they met the following criteria:
• Resident(s) of the household irrespective of nationality but excluding nonresidents and visitors; and
• 18 years of age or older
• In the event of a child headed household (all household members are under 18 years old), the oldest child was assumed to be the head of household, and should be interviewed
If more than one eligible person was found per dwelling unit, the ideal and most practical and accurate method of random selection of an individual was the use of a KISH grid. One individual per household was selected using the KISH grid after a comprehensive listing exercise was completed of all eligible individuals at the dwelling unit. Once the respondent had been selected the fieldworker will follow up only that person per household. If selected, substitutions could not be made where there were refusals or non-contact over a period of a day after two or more re-visits on the same day.

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
---------------------------

The survey instrument (questionnaire) which was used was provided by the GCRO. The instrument was similar to the questionnaire used for the initial Quality of Life survey, with new questions being added only where questions from the previous survey were removed. This was done with the intention of keeping the duration of the survey the same as the initial one. The survey instrument was a 20 page questionnaire, broken up into 12 sections. The bulk of the possible answers were pre-defined, such that most of the survey could be answered using a combination of tick-boxes or by writing down a number answer from a predefined set. To this end there are not many open - ended questions in the survey.

The survey instrument was reformatted by Data World to ensure optimal flow, as well as to cater for the technology platform which was used to conduct the surveys.

Data appraisal
---------------------------

The survey company, Data Research Africa, utilised a range of quality control measures during fieldwork for the survey. In the field, fieldworkers checked completed questionnaire schedules immediately after interviews to ensure that all questions were answered and relevant skips were followed. The checked questionnaires were then handed to field or office managers who, whilst in field, performed a second quality check on each questionnaire. They focused on skip patterns, as well as on ensuring that answers corresponded with previous responses and followed a logical process.

摘要
---------------------------

Gauteng-City Region Observatory (GCRO) 受委托于2011年下半年进行其第二次生活质量调查，由Data World负责执行。

Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO) 成立于2008年，是约翰内斯堡大学 (UJ)、金山大学 (Wits) 和豪登省地方政府 (GPG) 之间的合作伙伴关系，豪登地方政府的代表也参与了其中。GCRO 的目标是向豪登政府的各个领域提供信息和协助，以构建和维护该省作为一个一体化且具有全球竞争力的地区。

第二次生活质量调查旨在全面代表豪登省的各个方面，豪登省包括10个地方政府，这些地方政府又覆盖了508个选区。Data World 被委托在该区域内进行15,000份调查。生活质量调查的主要目标之一是向 GCRO、省政府和其他相关方提供关于豪登省各个地方政府感知状态的信息，重点关注居住在这些地方政府内的人民的生活质量。

地理覆盖范围
---------------------------

2011年豪登城市区域观测站生活质量调查覆盖了整个豪登省，以及四个邻近省份（自由州、北西、林波波和姆普马兰加）具有 GCR '足迹' 的地区。

分析单位
---------------------------

Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO) 生活质量调查的分析单位是家庭和个人。

总体
---------------------------

2009年豪登城市区域观测站生活质量调查覆盖了豪登省的所有家庭居民以及四个邻近省份（自由州、北西、林波波和姆普马兰加）的选定区域。

数据类型
---------------------------

样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
---------------------------

为了进行这项研究，采用了多阶段聚类抽样方法，因为没有包含总体或人口中所有成员的抽样框架。样本在多个阶段进行抽取，首先在第一阶段选择选区，然后在第二阶段选择选区内的住宅单位，最后在第三阶段选择受访者。

阶段 1

选区构成了初级抽样单位 (PSU)。使用随机起始点作为选择要调查的住宅单位的方法。在四个省份（豪登省448个选区）、（姆普马兰加72个选区）、（北西70个选区）和（自由州12个选区）中完成了602个选区的调查。在这些选区中，共完成了6639次访谈。

阶段 2

在第二阶段，根据特定选区的居民规模，要求现场团队完成一定数量的访谈。例如，在选区X中完成3次访谈，在选区Y中完成33次访谈。这意味着现场团队需要在所有预先选定的选区中完成不同数量的访谈目标。在开始现场工作之前获得了选区地图，并在地图上确定了、标记和编号的随机起始点。这允许随机选择一个（如果存在多个）起始点。相关的现场经理首先在地面确定起始点（们）的位置。一旦确定，他/她将从起始点开始，向左数20户人家。他/她所选择的第20户人家就是访谈应该进行的家庭。之后，选择下一个第20户人家，并接近，直到获得目标数量的访谈。

以下家庭选择过程被遵循：

从起始点开始，在一个选区中数20户人家。然而，如果：

• 选区中需要完成1-5次目标访谈；则使用01个起始点；

• 选区中需要完成6-10次目标访谈；则使用02个起始点；

• 选区中需要完成11-15次目标访谈；则使用03个起始点；

• 选区中需要完成16-20次目标访谈；则使用04个起始点；

• 选区中需要完成21-25次目标访谈；则使用05个起始点；

• 选区中需要完成25次及以上的目标访谈；则使用06个起始点。

在家庭拒绝或选定的受访者精神残疾的情况下，立即用左侧的家庭进行替代。如果仍然没有完成访谈，则进行另一轮替代，即从最初选定的家庭向右进行。如果两次访问（下午和晚上）无人应门，则遵循相同的替代方法。因此，在选定的住宅单位、家庭或个人不在家的情况下（即无法接触），至少进行了两次不同时间的重新访问。在某些情况下，在当天19:00之后访问的家庭被替换，以确保在分配给每个选区的规定时间内完成所有目标家庭。

阶段 3

为了进行这项研究，每个家庭随机选择一位受访者。所有家庭成员只要符合以下标准，就有资格：

• 家庭居民，无论国籍如何，但排除非居民和访客；

• 18岁或以上。

在家庭由儿童领导的情况下（所有家庭成员都未满18岁），假设年龄最大的孩子为家庭负责人，并应进行访谈。

如果每个住宅单位中有多于一个符合条件的人，则使用 KISH 网格进行随机选择个人的理想且最实用、最准确的方法。在完成住宅单位中所有合格个人的全面清册后，使用 KISH 网格从每个家庭中选择一个人。一旦选定了受访者，现场工作人员将只对每个家庭中的那个人进行跟进。如果选定，在一天之内（两次或更多次重新访问）有拒绝或无法接触的情况下，不能进行替代。

数据收集方式
---------------------------

面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
---------------------------

使用的调查工具（问卷）由 GCRO 提供。该工具与最初的生活质量调查中使用的问卷相似，只是在删除先前调查中的问题的地方添加了新问题。这样做是为了保持调查的持续时间与最初的一致。调查工具是一份20页的问卷，分为12个部分。大部分可能的答案都是预先定义的，这样大多数调查都可以使用复选框或从预定义的集合中写下数字答案的组合来回答。为此，调查中开放式问题不多。

Data World 对调查工具进行了重新格式化，以确保最佳的流程，并满足进行调查所使用的科技平台。

数据评估
---------------------------

调查公司 Data Research Africa 在调查的现场工作中利用了一系列质量控制措施。在现场，现场工作人员在访谈后立即检查完成的问卷，以确保所有问题都已回答，并遵循了相关的跳过。检查过的问卷随后被交给现场或办公室经理，他们在现场对每份问卷进行了第二次质量检查。他们专注于跳过模式，并确保答案与之前的响应相符，并遵循逻辑过程。