Design and Synthesis of Novel Dual Fluoro-Substituted 10,11-Methylenedioxy-pyrrolo[3,4‑b]quinoline Alkaloid Analogs as Topo I/DDX5 Inhibitors for Colorectal Cancer

In this study, a series of 10,11-difluoromethylenedioxy-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline alkaloid derivatives were designed as novel
dual Topo I/DDX5 inhibitors, demonstrating excellent antitumor activity.
Among them, compound A10 was identified, exhibiting potent
antiproliferative activity across four human cancer cell lines and
a favorable low-toxicity profile in vivo. It significantly
inhibited colony formation and migration in colorectal cancer cells,
induced DNA damage response pathways, suppressed the expression of
antiapoptotic proteins, and stimulated ROS generation, leading to
cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, A10 exhibited
superior transmembrane transport capacity and was not a substrate
of the drug-resistant efflux pump protein P-gp, which enhanced antitumor
efficacy and reduced the risk of drug resistance. In colorectal cancer
HT-29 xenograft models, A10 demonstrated robust antitumor
efficacy with a favorable safety profile. Metabolite profiling revealed
that the introduction of difluoro substitution effectively reduced
metabolic risk. Collectively, A10 represents a promising
candidate for further preclinical development against colorectal cancer.