Atmospheric Dynamics and Chemistry in the Polar Winter from SD-WACCM-D Simulations under Solar Proton Events

Variables: Temperature, 3-D wind fields, O3, NOx, and air mass from SD-WACCM-D simulations.Case Studies: Two major Solar Proton Events (January 2005 and March 2011).Model Configuration: 88 vertical levels (surface to ~140 km); 1.25° × 0.9° horizontal resolution.Key Forcing: Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) is implemented following CMIP6 protocols, integrating solar protons, galactic cosmic rays, auroral, and medium-energy electrons.