Afrobarometer Survey 2001, Round 1.5 - Nigeria

Abstract
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The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The initial (Round 1) survey covered 7 countries.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Individual

Universe
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The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by:

• using random selection methods at every stage of sampling;
• sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.

The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set.

Sample size and design
Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level.

The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location.

Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR.

Sample stages
Samples are drawn in either four or five stages:

Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country.
Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU).
Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points.
Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households.
Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample.

To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaire consists of three parts:
1. Part 1 captures the steps for selecting households and respondents, and includes the introduction to the respondent. This section should be filled in by the Fieldworker.
2. Part 2 covers the core attitudinal and demographic questions that are asked by the Fieldworker and answered by the Respondent.
3. Part 3 includes contextual questions about the setting and atmosphere of the interview, and collects information on the Fieldworker. This section is completed by the Fieldworker.

{'Abstract': '非洲晴雨表是一项比较性的公众态度调查系列，旨在评估非洲公民对民主与治理、市场以及公民社会等议题的态度。初始（第1轮）调查涵盖了7个国家。', 'Geographic coverage': '全国范围', 'Analysis unit': '个人', 'Universe': '非洲晴雨表调查的样本总体包括该国所有有投票年龄的公民。换句话说，我们排除了任何非公民以及任何在调查当天未达到此年龄（通常为18岁）的人。此外，还包括那些被认为难以到达或与本研究无关的地区，例如遭受武装冲突或自然灾害的地区，以及国家公园和野生动物保护区。按照惯例，我们还将排除居住在制度化环境中的人，如宿舍学生、监狱或养老院的人员。', 'Kind of data': '样本调查数据 [ssd]', 'Sampling procedure': '非洲晴雨表采用国家概率样本，旨在满足以下标准。样本旨在生成一个代表性样本，该样本涵盖该国所有有投票年龄的公民。目标是给每位成年公民一个平等且已知的被选为采访对象的机会。他们通过以下方式实现这一目标：
• 在采样的每个阶段使用随机选择方法；
• 在可能的情况下，在所有阶段进行与人口规模成比例的抽样，以确保较大的（即人口较多的）地理单位有更大的概率被选入样本。', 'Sample size and design': '样本通常包括1200个或2400个案例。随机选择的n=1200个案例样本允许对国家成年人口进行推断，抽样误差不超过±2.8%，置信水平为95%。样本量为n=2400时，95%置信水平下的误差范围降低至±2.0%。样本设计为聚类、分层、多阶段、区域概率样本。具体而言，我们首先根据主要次国家政府单位（州、省、地区等）和城市或农村位置进行分层。', 'Sample stages': '样本在四个或五个阶段中抽取：
阶段1：仅在乡村地区，第一阶段是抽取二级抽样单位（SSU）。在城区不使用SSU，在某些国家，农村地区也不使用。有关任何特定国家的具体样本信息，请参阅每个数据集的技术信息报告（TIR）。
阶段2：随机选择一级抽样单位（PSU）。
阶段3：然后随机选择抽样起点。
阶段4：采访者随后随机选择家庭。
阶段5：在家庭内部，采访者随机选择一个受访者。每位采访者在每个家庭中交替采访男性和女性，以确保样本中的性别平衡。为了将实地调查的成本和物流控制在可管理的范围内，每个选定的PSU内集中进行八次采访。', 'Mode of data collection': '面对面 [f2f]', 'Research instrument': '问卷包括三个部分：
1. 第一部分记录选择家庭和受访者的步骤，包括对受访者的介绍。本部分应由调查员填写。
2. 第二部分涵盖由调查员提出并由受访者回答的核心态度和人口统计问题。
3. 第三部分包括关于访谈环境和气氛的背景问题，并收集关于调查员的信息。本部分由调查员填写。'}