Publication Package. Positive and negative risk-taking in adolescence and early adulthood: A citizen science study during the COVID-19 pandemic

This is a publication package for the article "Positive and negative risk-taking in adolescence and early adulthood: A citizen science study during the COVID-19 pandemic". 

This publication package contains: a read-me file, an overview of the study measures, the computer code and data files. 

Abstract
Sensation seeking is an important underlying factor of both positive and negative forms of risk-taking during adolescence and early adulthood. However, macro-factors such as the global Covid-19 pandemic may influence sensation seeking opportunities and risk-taking behaviors that are considered negative and positive. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to examine the associations between sensation seeking and behaviors that are considered positive or negative forms of risk-taking during the Covid-19 pandemic in a sample of adolescents and early adults (N = 660, Mage = 22.91, SD = 3.14). Using citizen science methods, negative risk-taking was defined as taking unaccepted risks, such as falsifying vaccination reports or deliberately contracting Covid-19. Positive risk-taking was defined as taking socially accepted risks, such as balancing between the risk to infect elderly people and the need to socialize with peers. Results showed that participants with higher levels of sensation seeking took more positive and negative Covid-19 related risks. An additional finding was that sensation seeking was positively associated with the need to contribute to society. This indicates that during adolescence and early adulthood, sensation seeking may be a driving factor for both positive (i.e., socially accepted) and negative (i.e., socially unaccepted) risk-taking in the context of a high-stake global pandemic, arguing against a one-direction negative relation between sensation seeking and risk-taking.

此为文章《青少年及早期成年期中的积极与消极风险承担：COVID-19大流行期间的公民科学研究》的出版包。该出版包包含：阅读文件、研究措施概览、计算机代码和数据文件。

摘要
寻求刺激是青少年及早期成年期中积极与消极风险承担形式的重要潜在因素。然而，如全球COVID-19大流行等宏观因素可能会影响寻求刺激的机会以及被视为积极或消极的风险承担行为。因此，本研究的首要目标是考察在青少年和早期成年人样本（N = 660，平均年龄22.91岁，标准差3.14）中，寻求刺激与被视为积极或消极风险承担形式的行为之间的关联。采用公民科学方法，将消极风险承担定义为承担不受欢迎的风险，例如伪造疫苗接种报告或故意感染COVID-19。将积极风险承担定义为承担社会可接受的风险，例如在感染老年人与与同龄人社交需求之间取得平衡。结果显示，寻求刺激水平较高的参与者承担了更多的积极和消极与COVID-19相关的风险。另一项发现是，寻求刺激与社会贡献需求的关联呈正相关。这表明，在青少年和早期成年期，寻求刺激可能成为在高风险全球大流行背景下导致积极（即社会可接受）和消极（即社会不可接受）风险承担的驱动因素，反驳了寻求刺激与风险承担之间单向负相关的关系。