Interactions between gut microbiota and metabolites modulate cytokine network imbalances in women with unexplained miscarriage

Given the effect of gut microbiota modulation on immune responses, we hypothesized that the imbalanced gut microbiota and their metabolites can be linked to the immune dysfunction in pregnancy loss. In the current study, we aimed to examine the network between gut microbial community composition, microbial metabolites, and proinflammatory cytokine responses by performing multi-omics analyses of subjects that had unexplained pregnancy loss versus controls who underwent elective abortion.