Gut-derived indole propionic acid alleviates liver fibrosis by modulating pro-fibrogenic macrophage phenotype and biological function

Recently, gut metabolites have been recognized to play significant roles in liver diseases via the gut-liver axis. In this study, we investigate the regulatory effects of the tryptophan metabolite, indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), on immune cells during liver fibrogenesis using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Single cells were isolated from the livers of fibrotic mice induced by CCl4, including both the IPA-treated and control groups.