枣黑腐病研究

“枣黑腐病研究”项目属森林保护学科， 应用基础研究学术范畴。枣黑腐病是我国北方枣区近年来发生的一种新病害， 为害严重， 针对生产实际， 濮阳林科所、北京林业大学、河南农业大学协作攻关， 自1989年至1996年， 对该病进行了系统研究， 取得了重在突破， 经查新国内、外均未见报道， 系枣树上一种新病害。一、首次鉴定出该病病原。按照柯赫法则反复验证， 认定枣黑腐病病原为聚生小穴壳菌。二、系统研究出该病在豫北枣区的发病规律。研究出病原菌的越冬场所和形态、侵染时期、方式和途径、流行规律及与发病有关的环境条件等。三、研究出一完整的综合防治技术。经多年药效试验示范， 筛选出农抗120、毒菌威、退菌特等防效最佳药剂、浓度和防治适期。结合人工、物理、牺牲防治等一系列综合措施可使病果率降至4%以下， 株均增产干枣3。7公斤， 增收14。8元。四、示范推广效益显著。1994-1996年在濮阳市共综合防治推广6000亩， 病果率由原来30-50%降至0。35-3， 8%， 共增产干枣26， 6万公斤， 增收99， 8万元。1997-1998年在全市和内黄枣区枣树上推广累计共24万亩， 平均病果率降至5%以下， 增收10800万元， 经济效益显著， 推广前景广阔。

The research project on jujube black rot falls under the discipline of forest protection and belongs to the academic category of applied basic research. Jujube black rot is a newly emerged disease in jujube-growing areas of northern China in recent years, causing severe damage. In response to practical production needs, Puyang Forestry Science Research Institute, Beijing Forestry University, and Henan Agricultural University carried out collaborative key technical research. From 1989 to 1996, they conducted systematic studies on this disease and made significant breakthroughs. Through a literature search and novelty assessment, it was confirmed that no relevant reports existed both domestically and internationally, proving that jujube black rot is a new disease affecting jujube trees.

1. First identified the pathogen of the disease. Repeated verification according to Koch's Postulates confirmed that the pathogen of jujube black rot is *Dothiorella gregaria*.

2. Systematically elucidated the disease incidence dynamics in the jujube-growing areas of northern Henan Province. The research clarified the overwintering sites and morphological characteristics of the pathogen, infection period, infection mode and routes, epidemic rules, and environmental conditions related to disease occurrence.

3. Developed a complete integrated control technology. After years of efficacy tests and demonstrations, the optimal agents, application concentrations and optimal control periods were screened out, including Nongkang 120, Fenaminosulf (Dujunwei), and Tuzet (Tujunte). Combining a series of comprehensive measures including manual, physical and biological control, the disease fruit rate can be reduced to below 4%, with an average yield increase of 3.7 kg of dried jujubes per tree and an additional income of 14.8 yuan per tree.

4. Obvious benefits from demonstration and popularization. From 1994 to 1996, the integrated control technology was popularized on 6,000 mu of land in Puyang City. The disease fruit rate dropped from the original 30-50% to 0.35-3.8%, with a total yield increase of 266,000 kg of dried jujubes and an additional income of 998,000 yuan. From 1997 to 1998, the technology was popularized on a cumulative total of 240,000 mu across the city and the jujube-growing areas of Neihuang County, with the average disease fruit rate reduced to below 5% and an additional income of 108 million yuan. The economic benefits are significant, and the popularization prospects are broad.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集总结了'枣黑腐病研究'项目，该项目系统研究了我国北方枣区新病害枣黑腐病，首次鉴定其病原为聚生小穴壳菌，并揭示了发病规律。研究还开发了有效的综合防治技术，通过示范推广显著降低了病果率并提高了经济效益，属于植物学领域的应用基础研究数据。