S-1 plus chidamide combined with envafolimab as second-line treatment in advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer (P-henomS/SCOG-P002): A single-arm, exploratory, multicenter, phase 2 trial

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive malignancy with a generally poor prognosis, and there are few effective second-line treatment regimens. We conducted a single-arm, multicenter, prospective Phase II trial (ChiCTR2200058431) evaluating the efficacy and safety of S-1 plus chidamide combined with envafolimab in patients with metastatic PDAC.10×scRNA-seq was adopted to conduct an initial exploration into the potential mechanisms underlying the efficacy of the combination regimen. Overall design: Mice subcutaneous pancreatic cancer graft models were treated with chidamide at 0, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL. To decipher the complexity of cellular diversity and evolutionary trajectory in immune cell composition in response to chidamide, we obtained one mice tumor of each group after treatment, and the tissues were subjected to scRNA-seq using the 10x Genomics single-cell library.