PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN INDIA AND ITS MULTIFACTORIAL AETIOLOGY : A COMPHRENSIVE REVIEW

Anemia is characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin levels in the blood, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Anemia is a global health concern with significant global impacts on individuals and populations worldwide. The prevalence of anemia worldwide varies across regions and populations, highlighting its multifactorial etiological factors. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), anemia affects approximately one-fourth of the global population, with the highest prevalence observed in low- and middle-income countries, particularly among women, children, and elderly individuals. The burden of anemia extends beyond individual health, impacting economic productivity, cognitive development, and overall well-being. Methods: This review was conducted through a systematic literature search of articles published in Google Scholar, PubMed, and the National Family & Welfare Society Govt. Of India. This study explores the scope of anemia as a public health issue and delves into the diverse range of factors contributing to its prevalence.