Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database 2011 - Kenya

Abstract
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Well-functioning financial systems serve a vital purpose, offering savings, credit, payment, and risk management products to people with a wide range of needs. Yet until now little had been known about the global reach of the financial sector - the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and youth are excluded from formal financial systems. Systematic indicators of the use of different financial services had been lacking for most economies.

The Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database provides such indicators. This database contains the first round of Global Findex indicators, measuring how adults in 148 economies save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. The data set can be used to track the effects of financial inclusion policies globally and develop a deeper and more nuanced understanding of how people around the world manage their day-to-day finances. By making it possible to identify segments of the population excluded from the formal financial sector, the data can help policy makers prioritize reforms and design new policies.

Geographic coverage
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National Coverage.

Analysis unit
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Individual

Universe
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The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above. The sample is nationally representative.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The Global Findex indicators are drawn from survey data collected by Gallup, Inc. over the 2011 calendar year, covering more than 150,000 adults in 148 economies and representing about 97 percent of the world's population. Since 2005, Gallup has surveyed adults annually around the world, using a uniform methodology and randomly selected, nationally representative samples.The Global Findex indicators will be collected again in 2014 and 2017.

Surveys were conducted face-to-face. The first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units, consisting of clusters of households. The primary sampling units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to selected sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households by means of the Kish grid.

The sample size in Kenya was 1,000 individuals.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup, Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in over 20 countries using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in 142 languages upon request.

Questions on insurance, mobile payments, and loan purposes were asked only in developing economies. The indicators on awareness and use of microfinance insitutions (MFIs) are not included in the public dataset. However, adults who report saving at an MFI are considered to have an account; this is reflected in the composite account indicator.

Sampling error estimates
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Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country- and indicator-specific standard errors, refer to the Annex and Country Table in Demirguc-Kunt, Asli and L. Klapper. 2012. "Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex." Policy Research Working Paper 6025, World Bank, Washington, D.C.

摘要
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运作良好的金融体系扮演着至关重要的角色，为具有广泛需求的个人提供储蓄、信贷、支付和风险管理产品。然而，迄今为止，关于金融部门的全球影响力——即金融包容程度的广度和贫困人口、女性和青年等群体被排除在正式金融体系之外的程度的了解甚少。大多数经济体缺乏对不同金融服务的使用系统的指标。

全球金融包容（全球Findex）数据库提供了此类指标。该数据库包含全球Findex指标的第一轮数据，衡量了148个经济体的成年人如何储蓄、借款、支付和风险管理。该数据集可用于追踪全球金融包容政策的影响，并深化对世界各地人们如何管理日常财务的细致而深入的理解。通过能够识别被正式金融部门排除在外的群体，这些数据有助于政策制定者优先考虑改革并设计新的政策。

地理覆盖范围
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国家覆盖。

分析单位
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个体

总体
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目标总体为15岁及以上的非机构化平民人口。样本为全国代表性。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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全球Findex指标来源于盖洛普公司于2011年日历年收集的调查数据，涵盖148个经济体的超过15万成年人，代表了世界人口的约97%。自2005年以来，盖洛普每年在全球范围内对成年人进行调查，使用统一的方法和随机选取的全国代表性样本。全球Findex指标将在2014年和2017年再次收集。

调查采用面对面方式进行。抽样第一阶段是识别主要抽样单位，由家庭集群组成。主要抽样单位根据人口规模、地理位置或两者进行分层，并通过一个或多个抽样阶段实现集群。如果可获取人口信息，样本选择基于与人口规模成比例的概率；否则，使用简单随机抽样。使用随机路线程序选择抽样家庭。除非发生明确的拒绝，否则调查员最多尝试三次对抽样家庭进行调查。如果在初始抽样家庭无法获得调查，则使用简单替代方法。通过Kish网格在所选家庭内随机选择受访者。

肯尼亚的样本量为1,000人。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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问卷由世界银行设计，并与由该领域领先的学者、实践者和政策制定者组成的技术咨询委员会合作完成。比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会和盖洛普公司也提供了宝贵的意见。问卷在20多个国家进行了试点，使用了焦点小组、认知访谈和实地测试。问卷可提供142种语言的版本。

仅向发展中国家询问有关保险、移动支付和贷款目的的问题。关于微型金融机构（MFIs）的认知和使用指标不包括在公共数据集中。然而，报告在微型金融机构储蓄的成年人被视为拥有账户；这一点反映在综合账户指标中。

抽样误差估计
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标准误差的估计（考虑抽样误差）因国家和指标而异。有关国家和指标特定的标准误差，请参阅Demirguc-Kunt, Asli和L. Klapper. 2012年的附件和国家表格。"衡量金融包容性：全球Findex。"政策研究工作论文6025，世界银行，华盛顿特区。