Data Sheet 1_Peat promotes production of the edible mushroom Oudemansiella raphanipes by regulating casing soil microbiome.docx

IntroductionAs an exotic edible mushroom, Oudemansiella raphanipes has attracted extensive attention for efficient cultivation. Peat-amended casing soil is known to increase its productivity, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
MethodsIn this study, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to characterize bacterial communities in casing soils with five peat proportions.
ResultsResults showed that peat proportion had a significant effect on O. raphanipes yield, with the 70% peat treatment achieving the maximum yield of 279.21 g per cultivation bag, 38.12% higher than the control without peat. Casing soil with 70% peat harbored higher bacterial richness, enriched beneficial taxa such as Paenisporosarcina, enhanced chemoheterotrophy and nitrogen fixation functions, and more deterministic community assembly compared with other treatments. The bacterial ecological network in casing soil with 70% peat also showed the highest average connectivity, shortest average path length, and strongest robustness. Further, soil physical properties had a greater influence on bacterial community structure in the casing soil than chemical properties. Soil density, available phosphorus and potassium significantly influenced the bacterial community in the 70% peat group.
ConclusionTogether, this study suggested that peat promoted O. raphanipes production by regulating the casing soil microbiome, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing practical cultivation strategies.