Relationships between genetic and morphometric patterns of differentiation between groups.

Patterns of genetic differentiation are based on coordinates of group means on the first four axes of a PCoA on the genetic distances. 14 groups: continental samples are averaged by country, Piana excluded; 18 groups: genetic data duplicated for continental samples of a same country; Piana included and considered as genetically identical to Corsica. Patterns of morphometric distances are based on the first four axes of a PCA, bgPCA and CVA on the same dataset (Fourier coefficients describing the molar shape outline). Coordinates of group means on the multivariate axes correspond to configurations compared using a Protest. It delivers a coefficient of determination (R2), a Procrustes distance between configurations (DProcrustes), and a probability P that the observed configurations are less correlated than permuted configurations (999 permutations). In italics P < 0.05, in bold P < 0.001.